Community Nursing Education on Bioterrorism

Question: Describe about the Community Nursing Education on Bioterrorism? Answer: Summary of Teaching Plan The topic theme: Community Nursing Education on Bioterrorism Specific signature of the lessons: Long term care facility on bioterrorism attack Manner of deliverance: Blend of lectures, online session, clinical session Two hours lecture per week, clinical session Type of Institution: Nursing school or college with a total undergraduate nursing enrollment of students Epidemiological rationale for topic Nursing is a novel task which includes both indirect and direct activities that facilitate the overall health outcomes. The Baccalaureate programs mainly facilitate diversity of options in nursing practice which is schematically forested to aid the graduates to accomplish The Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice (AACN, 2008). There are a wide variety of characterizations of the particular practice and these are practice experiences, learning opportunities, strategies, clinical activities etc. The board of directors in AACN has formed a respective RN-BSN task force to scrutinize the opportunity for practical and academic experiences for the enrolled students in RN-BSN curriculum. The courses are responsible for both the long term care facility services regarding the bioterrorism attack and the community health care service. Respective students gather knowledge regarding the long term care facility services regarding the bioterrorism attack how the designed framework can be applied for ensuring the better health care to the service provider (Fowler, 2012). The population based health care system is illustrated in the lecture session. The community nursing is an essential component of the national community health services. It involves the district nurses, health visitors, pediatric and mental health surveillance nurses (BRUNERO, KERR and JASTRZAB, 2009). They have to recognize any kind of disease outbreak caused by bioterrorism activity and provide sufficient care in community and social health care set up (Josephsen, 2013). Next, we must come to point that, what are the responsibilities and task to be performed by nurses. Mainly, the task performed by them is for example that delivering emergency care and medicines in sudden onset of disease endemic due to bioterrorist activity. They should also provide emergency medicines and intravenous antibiotics to save the people in the community from severe infection. Overall course objective The rationale of the particular course is to train the community health nurses about how to organize the community care in bioterrorism endemic and also how to save the life with highest effort (Avances de investigacin, 2011). Learning objectives After completion of the teaching session, you would be capable to define the following- Definition of bioterrorism, differentiation of it from the mass causality accident and criminal act Signs and symptoms of the common biological agents used for bioterrorism attack Treatment and management strategies: syndromic surveillance program, community care plan, rescue planning, emergency control service Suitable PPE used for ensuring the safety of community health care nurses Health alert network policy care plan Facility preparedness scheme (Chastain and Lipke, 2014) Learning Framework and Evaluation Particular tutorial objective Learners have profusely engaged themselves in the course work. Preface to the course work, the attendees having no idea about the community health care plans in bioterrorist attack, standardized outcome and basic schematic on the subject matter (Lovecchio, DiMattio Hudacek, 2012) The trainer should introduce the respective lesson with utmost effort to cope up with student needs. The pre-determined learning format is used and some referred text books are read for knowledge gathering (Luthy, Beckstrand Callister, 2012). Epidemiological rationale for topic Definition of Bioterrorism Bioterrorism is a specialized type of terrorism practice in which the radiation and fire weapons are not used as attacking agent. Biological weapons are utilized to attack the pre-determined country or community (D. Loike, 2012). Biological Weapons Pathogens like bacteria or viruses are used as biological weapons to mediate the bioterrorism attack. These particular ever-harming pathogens or biological agents are specially called as biological weapons. The biological weapons spoil the life in the targeted population or community. The biological agents or microorganisms are used for terrorist activity. The main thing is that the respective pathogens or microorganisms are invisible to the human eye. Some toxic chemicals or substances of exogenous origin can also be used as biological weapons for bioterrorism attack (Estes, 2010). Risk of Bioterrorism Attack The chances of occurrence the bioterrorism activity are not known previously. The government and health ministry has an emergency team for controlling the bioterrorism attack endemic. The infection control plan is also arranged in such a manner that at early beginning of the attack certain control care plan can be implemented as early as possible. The rapid diagnosis is also required to start the treatment and management control of the disease. Community health care professionals should take the responsibilities to control the disease endemic and treat the affected people as early as possible (Oiso, 2012). The agents used for bioterrorism There are three type of distinctive categorization regarding the bioterrorism agents- Group-A agents This group of bioactive agent used for bioterrorism attack is generally spreading very rapid and uncontrolled manner and the mortality rate is also very high in this cases (Radosavljevic, 2012). Anthrax It is very much rarely occurring disease in human. But if it emerges, it damages the community with a greatest extent. It spreads rapidly and contaminated by airborne and food-borne transmission. The disease or infection reaches to an endemic and the life threatening nature is also very much devastating in nature. The disease is rarely occurred in human and frequently occurred in the hoofed animals like cows, buffalos, goats etc. It is caused by a respective bacterium and it forms spores. The developed spores are heat resistant and also not to be easily destroyed. From the spore, the bacterium is generated. The spores of anthrax are observed in the soil in many portions of the world (Skingley, 2013). Vaccination is very much important in disease endemic but it is not available appropriately. During the emergency condition, the CDC (centre for disease Control) should take the responsibility to provide the treatment and management of the disease endemic caused by bioterrorism activity. Group-B agents This group of bioactive agent used for bioterrorism attack is generally spreading moderately and controllable manner and the mortality rate is moderate in this cases. Plague Plague is also an uncommon bacterial infective diseases caused by a specialized type of bacterium which cause the infection frequently in rodents and fleas. The bacterium mainly causes the lung infection and pneumonia. The early signs and symptoms include headache, nausea, fever, cough and sometimes bleeding is observed with the coughing. The sputum is also observed in this infection as conjugated with blood. If early treatment is not started, the infected individual will be dead within a few days. Mainly the air-borne transfusion is the principle mediator of this infection. The disease is spreading from person to person by nose-nose contact. Group-C agents This group of bioactive agent used for bioterrorism attack is generally spreading slowly and controllable manner and the mortality rate is low in this cases. The microorganisms includes in this group are H1N1 influenza, SAARS, HIV virus. Mediator of Bioterrorism attack Aerosol dispersion is the main mediator of the bioterrorism attack. The respective pathogens chosen for spreading is sprayed to the air for air-borne transmission. Sometimes some of the pathogens have no particular smell and these are easy to spread. Another method of dispersion is going through the mail. Evaluation of Teaching Experience What and How to Report According to recommendation of CDC (centre of disease control), the following protocol is implemented to notify the respective authorities about the concurrent bioterrorist activities. Inform the local police and administrative authorities. They will convey the information to the FBI and postal authorities about the occurrence of bioterrorism attack. Inform your state health department. They will notify the information to the CDC. CDC will take immediate measures. What should you do? Do not get panicked about the sudden disease outbreak. Check the disease occurrence source. If it is occurred due to bioterrorism attack, then immediately contact with the CDC centre and follow the instruction given and also prepare a syndromic and surveillance care plan to manage the disease endemic (Young, 2013). Community Response to teaching Community peoples are the main service user in the health care service system provided by the health care professionals. In response to the nursing education sufficiency, the expected outcome would be observed and the better health care system is formulated. The disease suffering and rapid treatment and curing are forested as an overall outcome and response to the proper implementation of the training program. The student response is also important for nursing education program. The respective and contemporary changes are required to facilitate the indicative responsive manners (CULLEY POLYAKOVA-NORWOOD, 2012). How to respond Do not touch the suspicions mail packages. Do not spill the powder packages of unknown origin. It can be contaminated. Leave the area or region having unknown and bad smell. Instruct the people not to enter the region having the aerosol dispersion. Immediately contact the health care authority of district to take care of the matter. Convey the information to the CDC. Prepare an emergency health care plan to manage the disease endemic. Infection control If the people in a particular region are attacked by the bioterrorist activity, immediately convey the message to the CDC and take care of them according to the surveillance program. Proper medication is provided to control the infection. Areas of Strength or Areas of Improvement Comparative and interactive learning procedure Audio-visual learning Discussion boards Clinical evidence-based analytical skill Collaborative quizzes and interactive sessions Projects and assignments on different bioterrorism attack and service control plan issues Peer assessment Group discussions Online learning (Staykova, 2012) Reference List Avances de investigacin. (2011).Revista del ISM, 1(13). Chastain, W. and Lipke, J. (2014). Perinatal Education in a Community Setting.Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, Neonatal Nursing, 43(S1), pp.S26-S26. CULLEY, J., POLYAKOVA-NORWOOD, V. (2012). Innovation CENTER: Synchronous Online Role Play for Enhancing Community, Collaboration, and Oral Presentation Proficiency.Nursing Education Perspectives,33(1), 51-54. doi:10.5480/1536-5026-33.1.51 D. Loike, J. (2012). Ethical challenges in biodefense and bioterrorism.J Bioterr Biodef, S1(01). Estes, D. (2010). Editors Editorial Board.J Bioterr Biodef, 01(01). Fowler, J. (2012). Teaching and Learning: from staff nurse to nurse consultant. Part 6: Planning a teaching session. British Journal of Nursing, 21(16), pp.995-995. Josephsen, J. (2013). Teaching nursing delegation: An on-line case study. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 8(3), pp.83-87. Lovecchio, C., DiMattio, M., Hudacek, S. (2012). Clinical Liaison Nurse Model in a Community Hospital: A Unique AcademicPractice Partnership That Strengthens Clinical Nursing Education.Journal Of Nursing Education,51(11), 609-615. doi:10.3928/01484834-20121005-02 Luthy, K., Beckstrand, R., Callister, L. (2012). Improving the community nursing experiences of nursing students.JNEP,3(4). doi:10.5430/jnep.v3n4p12 Oiso, N. (2012). Allergic Examination for Biodefense.J Bioterr Biodef, 03(03). Skingley, A. (2013). Older people, isolation and loneliness: implications for community nursing.Br J Community Nursing, 18(2), pp.84-90. Staykova, M. (2012). Community college education through the looking glass of associate degree nursing.Teaching And Learning In Nursing,7(3), 93-97. doi:10.1016/j.teln.2012.01.005 Young, L. (2013). Introduction to Community Nursing PracticeIntroduction to Community Nursing Practice.Nursing Standard, 27(23), pp.31-31.

United States v. Nixon, President of the United St Essay Example For Students

United States v. Nixon, President of the United St Essay atesUnited States v. Nixon, President of the United StatesThroughout American history, the fear that our leaders may sometimesthink themselves above the law has always been evident. The fear is that powerbrings corruptness. To prevent this, however, the system of checks and balanceshas been installed into the Constitution. No one branch of government standsabove the law in this setup. This point was reasserted in the the Supreme Courtcase of 1974, United States v. Nixon. This case involved the President of theUnited States, at that time Richard Nixon, and the people of the United States. The case was based on the infamous Watergate scandal in which Nixon was said tobe involved. The case came about when Nixon refused to deliver subpoenad tapesto the Special Prosecutor that could have possibly incriminated him. Nixonattempted to quash this subpoena by claiming executive privelege. The SpecialProsecutor argued this claim successfully. The President then appealed thisruling from the District Court to the Court of Appeals. In the Appeals Court,the Special Prosecutor filed for a writ of certiorari which was petitioned bythe President. Both petitions were granted and handed to the Supreme Court. When the case reached the Supreme Court, the basic arguements were asfollows. President Nixons attorneys argued that the District Court was out ofits jurisdiction when it issued the subpoena to Nixon, making the case void. They stated that the dispute between the President and the Special Prosecutorwas strictly executive, and by mediating them, the court broke the doctrine ofseperation of powers. They also argued with executive privilege, the right ofthe President to withold information from Congress. To this, the District Courtsaid that the judiciary, not the President, was the final arbiter of a claim ofexecutive privilege. The Court also argued that the Special Prosecutor wasvested power by the Attorney General who had the right under the constitution toconduct the criminal litigation of the United States government. In its decision, the Supreme Court affirmed the ruling of the DistrictCourt. They ruled that President Nixons insubordinance was unjustified. Theyfelt that neither the claim of invalid jurisdiction nor that of executiveprivilege were applicable. The decision was unanimous. There was concurringopinion by Raoul Berger that stated that he affirmed the Courts decision, buthe believed the decision cut too closely the right of executive privilege in thecase that the information is irrelevant and the President needs to keep hisprivacy. This case was positive proof to the American people that the justicesystem in our country is indeed working if even the Presidents wrongdoings canbe rectified. It was a statement of equalness among all and set forth theprecedent that nobody in this country is above the law. History

Hanna Mina Fragments of Memory Essay Example

Hanna Mina Fragments of Memory Essay Hanna Mina’s novel Fragments of Memory follows an unnamed, young boy in late 1930s French mandated Syria. Throughout the narrative, there are strong themes of gender and family, class struggle, and also influence of political and economic forces on people. Upon further analysis, it is apparent that this seemingly autobiographical novel tells us very true and intimate details about the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I. The once great Ottoman Empire has fallen into shambles of what was a mighty world power. It is a poor and seemingly helpless society that is facing the true devastating, effects of war, imperialism and an imbalance of power. It is evident that pressures from the French mandate after World War I have thrown the empire into a state of despair and the majority of its citizens are left to feel the impact. Not only are the common people of Syria disadvantaged by the French themselves, but also by the continuously growing upper class of Syrians who hold most of the power. In order to fully understand the political climate in Syria at the time, it is important to be aware of the terms established by the winners of World War I. The Sykes-Picot Agreement between the French and British left Syria under French control. This manipulative order was disguised behind the veil that the French would help the Ottoman Empire recover after their brutal loss in World War I. This led the charge of Faisal I, King of Syria, to change the positions of the French to allow Syria to continue self-government. Without surprise, Faisal found his pleas unsuccessful after the French ignored these demands. At this point, the fate of Syria was in the hands of the French. We will write a custom essay sample on Hanna Mina Fragments of Memory specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Hanna Mina Fragments of Memory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Hanna Mina Fragments of Memory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer An example of France’s control in Syria comes when he family begins to cultivate mulberry leaves to produce raw silk. This process is very difficult but they begin to understand it and actually make silk that could be sold.For the first time in the narrative, the family seem

Childhood Psycological Disorders

Childhood Psycological Disorders Free Online Research Papers Childhood psychological disorders can often be overlooked because a lot of people see childhood as a simple and carefree time without stress. Childhood disorders may even go undiagnosed because the parents or guardians will just label the child as being a brat, bad seed, baby, or whiner. They may even accuse the child of making things up or being a faker. When people DO admit that the child has a disorder, they often assume that the disorder is simply a miniature version of the adult disorder, and that its not as serious. The truth is that the disorders can be as debilitating, or even more debilitating to a child. One disorder that primarily affects children is Separation Anxiety Disorder. This disorder is characterized by excessive anxiety when separated from their home or caregiver. It can be so severe that the child refuses to leave home or let an adult out of their sight. In order to stay home, the child may experience or complain of physical symptoms, such as stomachaches or headaches. This disorder may develop if the childs parents have a divorce, after moving to a new place, after a prolonged illness in the child or a family member, or after a death in the family. Another disorder that is very serious in children is Childhood Depression. Childhood Depression can be characterized by sadness, hopelessness, guilt fatigue, low self-esteem, sleep disturbances, bad concentration, excessive crying, outbursts, antisocial behavior, and unexplainable aches. Children from all social classes can suffer from Depression. In severe cases, Childhood Depression can lead to suicide, which is the third leading cause of death for children between the ages of eight and thirteen. Family environment, as well as genetics, can cause this disorder. An extremely serious, and often undiagnosed, disorder is Conduct Disorder. This disorder can be characterized by repeat aggressive behavior, fire starting, bullying, vandalizing, breaking and entering, theft, running away, and skipping school. It affects between eight and ten percent of males, and two to five percent of females, and can go undiagnosed because a lot of people see the kids as bad kids. When people stop believing that the children can be good, the children will stop believing it too, and the disorder will progress even further. A disorder that is similar to, but less severe than, Conduct Disorder is Oppositional Defiance Disorder. This is characterized by blaming others when mistakes are made, unwillingness to compromise, defiance of adult authority, and stubbornness. The onset of this disorder is gradual, and starts with very mild symptoms, but if left undiagnosed it can escalate to the severity of conduct disorder. This may lead to behavior later in life that can lead to arrest, injury, or death. On the other side of the diagnostic spectrum is Attention Deficit (Hyperactive) Disorder. This is a very well known condition that is one the most overdiagnosed disorders ever. Signs of this disorder may be; inattention, problems in school, forgetfulness, disorganization, impulse behavior, and compulsive speaking. Its estimated that about three to five percent of school aged children are affected, and that most of that number are boys. It could be caused by a combination of heredity and environmental problems. Eating disorders are also found in children, but they tend to differ from the eating disorders found in teenagers and adults. One such disorder is Pica, which causes the child to eat non-foods, like paper, coins, and dirt, for more than one month. Rumination is another eating disorder that causes the child to regurgitate and rechew their food. These eating disorders can be caused by abuse, depression, or use of drugs. Phobias can affect anyone, but in children they can be particularly bad for two reasons. One is that the child can not express their fear through words in the same way that an adult can because they may not have the correct vocabulary to do so. Another reason is that people tend to confuse a childs phobias with common, normal, childhood fears. The difference between phobias and fears, is that fears can usually be outgrown with little, or more commonly, no type of treatment, whereas phobias cannot just disappear or be outgrown. Phobias may be characterized by a fear that is so severe that it interrupts daily life. For example, a child may be so scared of something that they refuse to leave their room or home in the fear that they may come in contact with what they are afraid of. There are also disorders that affect children, but are usually not diagnosed until the teen or adult years. Manic depression is one such disorder, and it can cause very extreme mood swings. Another disorder is Schizophrenia, which can cause delusions, hallucinations, social withdrawal, and disordered thinking. Tourettes syndrome is another, and it can cause repeated involuntary movement and uncontrollable vocal tics. Finally, there are some disorders that affect children that dont fit the critera for any named disorder. This is what doctors call Child Disorder NOS. The symptoms can be anything from signs of phobia to conduct disorder, but theres either not enough symptoms to diagnose a certain disorder, or theres a behavioral anomaly that would not be present in the disorder. Childhood is not always a simple, carefree time without stress. There are children that live with disorders that can be so stressful that it leads them to violence or suicide. These disorders cause them emotional and mental stress that may affect them all the way through their lives. Research Papers on Childhood Psycological DisordersEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesHip-Hop is ArtThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseStandardized TestingComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Genetic Engineering

Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Special Court for Sierra Leone Essay

Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Special Court for Sierra Leone - Essay Example After the end of the conflict, the citizens of Sierra Leone wanted the individual responsible for the conflict and the atrocities that followed to be held accountable for their actions and face justice. Nevertheless, the country at the time did not have an established judicial system and the necessary infrastructure to bring these perpetrators into book (Nzongola-Ntalaja 2000). Furthermore, the existence of Lome Peace Agreement of 1999 was a big hindrance to the courts in the country to indict the alleged perpetrators as they were given a blanket amnesty by the aforementioned agreement. For this reason, there was an urgent need to form a court that would be capable of addressing the situation in the country, thus, the formation of The Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL). The United Nations Security Council and the government of Sierra Leone agreed to form The Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) which was established in the year 2002 on a request from Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, the then president of Sierra Leone. Unlike the courts established by the United Nations Security Council to deal with the perpetrators of the conflict in the former Yugoslavia and the Rwandan genocide, the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was able to dispense a diverse judicial model hence characterized as a hybrid tribunal so to speak. The main aim of the special court for Sierra Leone was to deal with the post conflict justice expeditiously, and in a more economical way unlike the local courts and tribunals in the country which were slow and more expensive, not to mention their inability to respond to the plight of the citizens in the country (Murphy 2003). This court was characterized by new ways of handling judicial processes in the post conflict situations. Such characteristics include the pressure to accomplish its mandate expeditiously, use of a very tight budget, and its location. Discussion The composition of the court includes both international and local judges, counsel, and employees. This composition allows the court to administer justice without undue influence from the domestic or international pressure. The mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) is to try the persons suspected of having the greatest responsibility in perpetrating the violence that ensued in Sierra Leone during the 11 years conflict. It is worth noting that this special court is independent in its operation from the domestic legal system of Sierra Leone and as such, the court uses limited statutory guidelines from the country’s criminal law and heavily depend on international humanitarian law in its proceedings (Stover 2005). The Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) statute empowers the court to prosecute violations of Article 3 under the Geneva Convention, international humanitarian law violations, and crimes against humanity. One of the major strengths witnessed in the operation of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) is the responsiveness of the court i n the witness protection and management, since most of them are victims of the atrocities that ensued in Sierra Leone. The court has continued to ensure that the witness feel protected and safe during and after their testimony. This has been done by involving a variety of security resources as well as new psychosocial support program. The

The Layoff Procedure and the Effect of Layoff on Remaining Workers Assignment

The Layoff Procedure and the Effect of Layoff on Remaining Workers - Assignment Example Any organization especially those formed for the purpose of profit has different stakeholders (like shareholders, owners, the top management, employees, creditors etc). it could be said that workers have conflicting interests with the management and or stakeholders and owners. The former seeks to hold a secure job with maximum compensation and other benefits while the latter group is focused on cutting costs and developing a lean organization able to cope up the increasingly global business environment. If the economy is healthy, a fine balance can be achieved between these two conflicts. But factors beyond the control of an organization like competition and more severe recession on a national and global scale can force the management to bring down expenses through such procedures like layoffs. While the management generally goes about this procedure with a level of cold and inhuman attitude, it is the workers that bear the blunt (economic and social) of being left without a job. Thi s section deals with the attitude of the workers subject to layoffs. There could be genuine reasons why such an action is taken by the management. For example, a worker or a group of employees may not be up to the mark of performance criteria set up by the organization. According to a business article, such actions can even extend to acts of insubordination. These can be justified that workers have gone against the common good of that organization. But in other instances, layoffs occur due to no fault of the employee. In such cases, the mindset of those affected can be encapsulated as follows – â€Å"No matter the cause for dismissal, telling a worker that his or her services are no longer required is a difficult statement to make. You may cushion the blow with praise, you may justify it with numbers, or you may cite the worker's poor performance as the reason, but no matter what you say to the fired employee and no matter how you explain it, the end result can be devastatin g to both parties involved† (Davis, 2009).

OB Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

OB - Assignment Example Initially, when one is trying to influence others, resistance occurs. This was obviously demonstrated in the film when Juror number 8 stated the reasons why he voted for the â€Å"not guilty† verdict against the boy who was accused of killing his father. Given the responsibility to weigh the facts presented during the trial, Fonda’s character in the movie questioned these facts that were presented during the trial. He tried to make sense of the various situations that were probably not given as much argument in the courtroom by demonstration. There was also the pressure tactic that Fonda’s character used in the film when he made the other men realize the weight of the â€Å"not guilty† verdict to the boy. Should the law execute the boy for a crime he did not commit since the jury decided to deliver a guilty verdict, his precious life would be wasted. Although some of the jurors remain oblivious of this horrible fate that the boy would end up with when they give a guilty verdict, there were still a few who could not afford to have a young man be put on an electric chair especially when during trial, there exists a reasonable doubt about the testimonies and evidences that were presented. On the basis of the rational persuasion tactic that was evidently used by Fonda’s character to influence the other members of the jury, his subtle way of disagreeing to the rest of the jury’s decision of the verdict has greatly affected their opinion of him in the application of reason in decision-making. His character did not show any aggressive behavior in making the others understand his judgment on the case, particularly with the accused. Only when there were several members of the jury believed in his reasons did he start to become aggressive in influencing the rest of the jury who thought the boy was guilty of killing his father. Unlike other members of the jury who were influenced by their own personal judgments and prejudices, Fonda’s